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Alija Izetbegović
Alija Izetbegović (; 8 August 1925 – 19 October 2003) was a Bosnian politician, activist, lawyer, author, and philosopher who in 1990 became the first Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina. He served in this role until 1996, when he became a member of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, serving until 2000. He was also the author of several books, most notably ''Islam Between East and West'' and the ''Islamic Declaration''.
== Early life ==
Alija Izetbegović was born on 8 August 1925 in the northern Bosnian town of Bosanski Šamac. He was one of five children—two sons and three daughters—born to Mustafa and Hiba Izetbegović. His was a distinguished but impoverished family descended from former Bosniak (or Bosnian Muslim) aristocrat family of Izet-bey Jahić from Belgrade who had fled to Bosnia in 1868, following the withdrawal of the last Ottoman troops from Serbia. While serving as a soldier in Üsküdar, Izetbegović's grandfather Alija married a Turkish woman named Sıdıka Hanım. The couple eventually moved to Bosanski Šamac and had five children. The grandfather later became the town's mayor, and reportedly saved forty Serbs from execution at the hands of Austro-Hungarian authorities following Gavrilo Princip's assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria in June 1914.
Izetbegović's father, an accountant, had fought for the Austro-Hungarian Army on the Italian Front during World War I and sustained serious injuries which left him in a semi-paralyzed state for at least a decade. He declared bankruptcy in 1927. The following year, the family moved to Sarajevo, where Izetbegović received a secular education.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Alija Izetbegović: Introduction )〕
During World War II, when Bosnia was part of the Nazi puppet state known as the Independent State of Croatia, Izetbegović joined an Islamic organization called the "Young Muslims" (''Mladi Muslimani''). When the "Young Muslims" became torn between supporting the largely Muslim ''Waffen-SS'' Handschar Division or the communist Yugoslav Partisans, Izetbegović decided to support the SS division. Izetbegović was detained by the Serb royalist Chetniks in mid-1944 but released out of gratitude for his grandfather's role in securing the release of the forty Serb hostages in 1914. He was arrested by the Yugoslav communists following the war and sentenced to three years in prison in 1946, not for collaboration but because he was opposed to Josip Broz Tito's regime. Before incarceration, he had earned a law degree at the University of Sarajevo's Faculty of Law. He remained engaged in politics after serving the sentence.〔Nedžad Latić, Boja povijesti, ISBN COBISS.BH-ID〕 Izetbegović was married four times. He had a son, Bakir, who also entered politics, as well as two daughters.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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